Light is a wave, right? But, maybe you’ve heard that it can be a particle, too? And you swear that in school you were always doing experiments with light rays! So which is it!? All of them? None of them? Has everybody been lying to you!? And how can maps help us figure it out?

Can you go on a -60 mile journey? What about trying to drive at -40mph? Wouldn’t doing either of these things be breaking some law of the universe and send you back in time or something? Fortunately for you, probably not, because measuring quantities like these using negative numbers is pretty common when we’re using vectors.

Whether we’re on the bus, the tram, or the tube, we all dread being thrown backwards into the lap of an unsuspecting stranger when the thing starts moving before you’ve found a seat. But why do we get thrown backwards anyway? Aren’t we moving forwards? If you’ve ever found yourself meekly apologising to a fellow passenger and thinking “Why did THIS have to happen!?” then read on, because it can all be explained by Newton’s 1st Law.